Step 1 - Brainstorm Ideas
Brainstorm Ideas: Spend some time brainstorming ideas related to the topic. Consider different perspectives, arguments, examples, and evidence that you can use to support your points. Make a list or create a mind map to organize your thoughts.
The 5W1H method involves using the questions of What, Who, When, Where, Why, and How to thoroughly cover details from multiple angles.
What is the main argument or claim being made?
What evidence or examples are provided to support the argument?
What counter arguments or opposing viewpoints are addressed?
What reasoning or logic is used to strengthen the argument?
What potential implications or consequences are discussed?
What alternative solutions or perspectives are considered?
What conclusions or recommendations are drawn from the argument?
What broader implications or relevance does the argument have in a larger context?
Who are the key stakeholders or parties involved in the issue?
Who is affected by the argument or topic?
Who are the experts or authorities in the field?
Who holds opposing viewpoints or disagrees with the argument?
Who has the power or influence to implement potential solutions?
Who has a vested interest in the outcome of the argument?
Who is the intended audience for the argument?
Who has conducted relevant research or studies on the topic?
Who has the responsibility to address the issue at hand?
When did the issue or problem arise?
When did the debate or controversy surrounding the topic begin?
When is the argument or viewpoint most relevant or applicable?
When have similar arguments or discussions occurred in the past?
When is the proposed solution or action necessary or timely?
When will the consequences or impacts of the argument be felt?
When should the proposed changes or reforms be implemented?
When is the deadline or timeline for addressing the issue?
Where is the issue or problem most prevalent or prominent?
Where does the argument or topic have the greatest impact?
Where have similar debates or controversies taken place?
Where are the key sources of evidence or data located?
Where are the proposed solutions or actions being implemented?
Where are the potential consequences or outcomes most likely to occur?
Where should the responsibility for addressing the issue lie?
Where does the argument fit within the broader societal or global context?
Why is the issue or problem significant or worth addressing?
Why do certain individuals or groups hold a particular viewpoint?
Why should the audience care about the argument or topic?
Why is the proposed solution or action necessary or effective?
Why do opposing viewpoints exist and what are their underlying reasons?
Why have previous attempts to address the issue been unsuccessful?
Why does the argument align with or contradict existing policies or norms?
Why might the argument have long-term implications or consequences?
How does the evidence support the argument or claim?
How can the proposed solution or action be implemented effectively?
How do opposing viewpoints address or refute the argument?
How does the argument align with existing laws or regulations?
How can potential challenges or obstacles be overcome?
How does the argument appeal to or persuade the audience?
How might the argument impact different stakeholders or parties?
How does the argument contribute to broader societal or global trends?
How can the argument be further strengthened or supported?
Step 2 - Plan your Structure
-Create an outline for your essay.
-Decide on the main points you want to cover (consider to use the points you brainstormed from 5W1H)
–What order in which you will present them.
-A discursive essay will have an introduction, several body paragraphs presenting different arguments, and a conclusion.
Topic sentences
-Running a marathon improves physical fitness and endurance.
-Completing a marathon boosts self-confidence and provides a sense of accomplishment.
-Training for a marathon helps develop mental strength and resilience.
-Participating in a marathon allows you to set and achieve personal goals.
-Running releases endorphins, reducing stress and improving mood.
-Marathons provide opportunities to connect with a supportive running community.
-Joining a marathon lets you explore new places and experience different cultures.
-Running a marathon can contribute to charitable causes through fundraising efforts.
-Training for a marathon improves discipline and time management skills.
-Running a marathon can inspire others to lead a healthy and active lifestyle.
Step 3 - Body of your essay
Introduction: Start with an attention-grabbing opening sentence or a thought-provoking question related to the topic. Provide some background information and clearly state your main thesis or argument.
Body Paragraphs: Dedicate each body paragraph to a specific argument or point of view. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea. Present your arguments and provide supporting evidence or examples. Make sure to address counter-arguments and refute them if necessary.
Use Connectives: Use appropriate connectives (e.g., furthermore, on the other hand, however) to establish logical connections between your ideas and create smooth transitions between paragraphs.
Conclusion: Summarize the main points discussed in the body paragraphs and restate your thesis or argument. Provide a final thought or suggestion related to the topic. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.
Step 4 - Proofread and Edit
Take time to proofread your essay for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Ensure that your sentences are clear and concise. Check the overall coherence and flow of your writing.
By following this step-by-step outline, you can effectively start your discursive writing and create a well-structured and coherent essay.